• The addition of two new nuclear reactors, Units 3 and 4, at Plant Vogtle in Georgia makes it the largest nuclear energy source in the U.S. The reactors will power over a million homes, but the project faced significant challenges, including delays, cost overruns, and global disruptions.
• As the demand for electricity surges, particularly from data centers and the AI industry, nuclear energy is gaining renewed attention due to its zero-emission, high-output capabilities.

Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia, has cemented its status as the largest source of nuclear energy in the United States following the completion of two new reactors. With the commercial operation of Unit 4 in April and Unit 3 the year prior, the U.S. has witnessed its first newly built nuclear reactors in over three decades. According to Georgia Power, these units together have the capacity to power over a million homes and businesses, underscoring the essential role nuclear energy plays in meeting rising electricity demands.

The addition of the two reactors has been anything but smooth. Initially budgeted at $14 billion, the project’s costs more than doubled, ballooning to over $28 billion, and it faced a delay of seven years. Chris Womack, CEO of Southern Co., the parent company of Georgia Power, noted, “We had some challenges, it was an arduous journey, things that we didn’t anticipate.” Among those challenges were the Fukushima tsunami disaster, which impacted global nuclear safety protocols, the bankruptcy of one of the plant’s contractors, and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Despite these obstacles, the completion of the reactors is a significant accomplishment in a country where nuclear projects have often been halted or scrapped due to rising costs and logistical complexities. In fact, a similar project in South Carolina was abandoned after costs became prohibitive, leaving Vogtle as one of the few remaining large-scale nuclear undertakings in the U.S.

The new reactors come online at a crucial time for the U.S. energy grid. In 2023, the nation generated approximately 4.18 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity, marking a 2.2% increase over the previous year. Much of this growing demand is being driven by data centers and the artificial intelligence industry, both of which require vast amounts of power. Nuclear energy, known for its ability to produce large amounts of electricity with zero emissions, is once again gaining traction as a key part of the U.S. energy portfolio.

While the U.S. remains the world’s largest producer of nuclear power, generating 30% of global nuclear electricity, it faces growing competition. China, in particular, has become a dominant force in the nuclear energy sector, with 30 reactors currently under construction. In comparison, the U.S. gets 19% of its energy from nuclear sources, but it’s reactors are aging, with the average U.S. reactor being 42 years old. Replacing or upgrading these facilities is a complex and costly task, further exacerbated by supply chain issues that were highlighted during Vogtle’s construction.

Russia, too, has been advancing its nuclear capabilities, raising concerns that the U.S. is falling behind in this critical sector. The completion of Plant Vogtle’s reactors is a step forward, but experts warn that more investments in new technologies and infrastructure are needed to maintain global competitiveness.

While Plant Vogtle is a triumph for clean energy advocates, it has not been without controversy. The project’s escalating costs have had a direct impact on consumers, with many in the region seeing their energy bills rise as a result. Nevertheless, proponents argue that the long-term benefits of nuclear power—such as its reliability and minimal environmental footprint—outweigh the initial financial burdens.

The completion of Plant Vogtle’s new reactors represents a significant milestone for the U.S. nuclear industry, breaking a decades-long drought in new construction. However, with rising competition from global powers like China and Russia, the U.S. must continue to innovate and invest in its nuclear infrastructure. As demand for electricity continues to grow, driven by industries such as data centers and AI, nuclear energy is poised to play an increasingly important role in America’s energy future.